• Exposure to UV instead of DMBA also produced

  2020-03-12

  

  Exposure to UV instead of DMBA also produced a sloughing and angiogenic response in transgenic, but not WT, mice, indicating that the epidermis of the BK5.EP4 mice has a much lower apoptosis threshold than WT mice, as suggested by others (Chun and Langenbach, 2007). Overall, these studies suggest th

• After activation AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved

  2020-03-12

  

  After activation, AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism and survival (Manning and Cantley, 2007). For example, AKT phosphorylates the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, preventing it from binding to and inactivating Bcl-xL in mitochondria (Datta et al., 1997). In turn, Bcl-x

• Generally glycines and other small

  2020-03-12

  

  Generally, glycines (and other small residues such as alanine) present in a helical GxxxG-motif that are facing the same side of the helix form a uniform surface that enables direct contact with a second helix. Crystal structures of multipass membrane proteins have demonstrated that GxxxG-motifs are

• More unusual modifications also regulate DUBs Recent reports

  2020-03-12

  

  More unusual modifications also regulate DUBs. Recent reports have illustrated how reactive oxygen species (ROS) can regulate DUB activity 87, 88, 89, 90. ROS can serve as potent signaling molecules by reacting with active site cysteines of tyrosine phosphatases and some cysteine peptidases to form

• CFSs are recognized as a driver of genome instability

  2020-03-11

  

  CFSs are recognized as a driver of genome instability in human cells and are hotspots for deletions or translocations in cancers (Richards, 2001). The generally accepted model for their expression is that the CFS locus shows a delay in chromatin condensation in early mitosis caused by the persistenc

• Gene amplification PCR amplifications were performed

  2020-03-11

  

  Gene amplification. PCR amplifications were performed using genomic DNA from the different organisms studied as template and two degenerate oligonucleotides (PP1 and PP2) as primersPP1 corresponded to the sense codons of the amino rp gift card motif AGGI(A/S)EM, and PP2 to the antisense sequence of

• CXCL mediated cell migration is facilitated by the

  2020-03-11

  

  CXCL16 mediated cell migration is facilitated by the interaction of soluble CXCL16 with CXCR6, expressed predominantly on the cell surface of CD4+ Th1 cells, cancer infiltrating lymphocytes and platelets (Borst et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2001, Liao et al., 1997, Wilbanks et al., 2001). CXCR6 is invol

• Colony stimulating factor receptor CSF R or cFMS is a

  2020-03-11

  

  Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R or cFMS) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It is activated by binding with CSF-1 and IL-34, which stimulates differentiation, proliferation, survival and migration of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells., , , Also, macrophages produce inflammatory me

• Carnitine acetyltransferase CrAT transesterifies short chain

  2020-03-11

  

  Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) transesterifies short-chain acyl-CoAs, and is located both in mitochondria and peroxisomes. In yeasts and mammals this protein is the product of a single gene [20,21] and the sorting to different organelles is evolutionary conserved, although the mechanism of diffe

• br Involvement of p MAPK pathway The NF B signal

  2020-03-11

  

  Involvement of p38 MAPK pathway The NF-κB signal transduction cascade is a major stress response signaling pathway for the COX-2 gene expression. In mice and humans, the COX-2 promoter has Liproxstatin-1 HCl for many transcription factors, including NF-κB in the 5′ region of the COX-2 gene [11],

• 740 Y-P Our finding that the ATRX DAXX H

  2020-03-11

  

  Our finding that the ATRX-DAXX-H3.3 complex promotes a form of HR is likely to have important implications for our understanding of the ALT recombination process that takes place at telomeres. We were surprised to observe that ATRX promotes a form of HR, since loss of the ATRX-DAXX-H3.3 complex is n

• YC 1 Finally we demonstrated for the first

  2020-03-11

  

  Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that the physiological combinations of estradiol and progesterone levels of premenopausal and postmenopausal women efficiently stimulated the growth of T47D spheroids while clinically relevant concentrations of TPA and UPA suppressed the growth of T47D sph

• The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for

  2020-03-11

  

  The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for ER/mGluR signaling in the context of addiction ER/mGluR signaling is regulated by caveolin proteins and palmitoylation Because of the vast implications of ER/mGluR association, it is important to understand what regulates their interaction. Such regu

• TKI discontinuation studies demonstrate that a portion

  2020-03-11

  

  TKI discontinuation studies demonstrate that a portion of TKI-treated CML patients remain in remission for up to 3 years, although long-term risk assessment is still necessary (Bansal and Radich, 2016). The majority of CML patients depend on lifetime TKI treatment, and substantial efforts have been

• Biochemically the primary function of PPIP K is

  2020-03-11

  

  Biochemically, the primary function of PPIP5K2 is 1-kinase-mediated phosphorylation of 5-IP7 to form 1,5-IP8 (Shears, 2018). To a lesser extent, PPIP5K2 also phosphorylates IP6 to produce 1-IP7. Furthermore, PPIP5K2 has been shown to catalyze a reverse reaction, that is, dephosphorylation of 1,5-IP8

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